Milk thistle stimulates the growth of new liver cells to replace those that are dead or dying. Unlike Canada thistle for which it can be mistaken, Russian knapweed has no . Some cultures claim to use thistle spiritual meanings to depict brilliance and possibility. There is no specific test for determining this type of poisoning, but if your pet is displaying severe signs such as loss of coordination, excessive vomiting, or dilated pupils the veterinarian may want to perform blood tests and urinalysis to rule out other types of toxicities, or to determine if an underlying disease process is exacerbating the symptoms normally seen with exposure to stinging nettle. This means milk thistle can be a great addition after vaccinations that contain mercury (thimerosal) or aluminum (often, both). Next, observe your dog to ensure that they are still breathing and acting normally. What To Do About It, The #1 Reason Why You Should Wash Your Feet Before Bed, Science Says: Soda is Killing Your Brain Even Diet Soda, Clean Mold and Wounds with This Must-Have Solution (hint: its super cheap), The Best Way to Have Regular Poops and a Flat Tummy, Coconut Oil: The Top Natural Eye Lubricant, Why You Should Spread Coffee Grounds on Your Head (hint: it feels great! Monarch butterflies require all types of milkweed. Antioxidants protect us from chemicals in our bodies called free radicals. According to Monty Don, a noted expert on thistles and author of the new book Thistle: A Garden Guide, there are at least twenty different types of thistle that can be successfully grown at home. If youve been giving your dog medication, milk thistle will help flush out the chemicals and toxins. Supportive care, including anti-seizure medications such as Valium, and time are usually sufficient to help dogs recover.. I specialize in growing and maintaining a variety of plants, flowers, herbs and vegetables, as well as providing advice and guidance to others on how to care for their own gardens. Moldy hickory nuts can also cause seizures and various neurological symptoms. Add A Bit Of Greenery To Your Los Angeles Home With Cactus Rentals! Cleanse the liver and maybe youll become allergy/asthma free., Here are some other things milk thistle can help with . Obesity Medicine, Volume 26, 2021. There are many different kinds of thistles, including the Bull thistle, the Blessed thistle, the Milk thistle, and the Scotch thistle. It is possible to eat thistles, both in the genus Cirsium and in the genus Carduus. As the root material spreads through grasslands and pastures, it can appear different. They hold up well in a wide range of weather and soil conditions. To combat allergens, the body produces histamine. The following are signs of milkweed poisoning: While milkweed can kill mammals, its a favorite of Monarch butterflies and other insects. Foxtails are among the most dangerous plants for dogs, and they arent necessarily eaten. Salads can be made with milk thistle leaves and flowers, and spinach is a substitute. Because the liver works so hard to eliminate all of these toxic substances its highly susceptible to serious damage. Milk thistle can help ease pancreatitis symptoms. milk thistle should not be used as a daily food supplement. They add beauty to your home, help you feel more in tune with nature, and they even boast health benefits. Cookie information is stored in your browser and performs functions such as recognising you when you return to our website and helping our team to understand which sections of the website you find most interesting and useful. The answer is that thistle plants are not poisonous, and are actually quite safe for human consumption. The plant grows up to 4 or 5 feet tall. Your dogs eyes and skin may be affected if exposed. In clinical studies, poisoned horses that were fed through a tube directly into the stomach never regained the ability to swallow even after extended lengths of time. Having a sample of the plant for positive identification will enable the veterinary team to make a definitive diagnosis in a timely manner. Benadryl is also good to give him. The leaves are very sharp and do not want to tangle with you if you do not want to. Where found: Black walnut is common in fields, second-growth woods and old farmland east of the Mississippi. There are toxins in the foods we eat, the water we drink, and the air we breathe. The leaves and stems of the stinging nettle are covered with trichomes, little hairs that contain histamines and other chemicals that can cause a reaction that may last for many hours. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. The allium specieswhich includes garlic and onionsare poisonous plants for dogs. The majority of incidences of stinging nettle poisoning will end on a positive note after a period of several hours at most. The Poisonous Plant Guide is constructed to enable location of a plant by either knowing the common or botanical name of the plant. Historically, the plant has been consumed in all its forms. Julia Henriques is Managing Editor of Dogs Naturally Magazine. Blue Daisy. If this is the situation with your pet, a gentle washing of the skin, and sometimes a light scraping of the skins surface (in a dogs case particularly the pads of the feet and areas of the body where fur cover is sparse) to remove any embedded plant hairs will be the first step of treatment. I adore the pictures. Registration on or use of this site constitutes acceptance of our Terms of Service. Also known as Onopordum acanthium, the Scottish thistle originally hails from the European and western parts of Asia. His nose looks really bad. The sago palm is leafy, beautiful, and very easy to grow, which makes it a popular choice as an indoor plant. The plant and flower are toxic, but the bulbs are especially dangerous when consumed. Id like to take a moment to thank you for all of your wonderful photos. If you use powder, give 2-5 mg per 1 lb of body weight, 2 to 3 times per day. As an anti-inflammatory, it can be used to treat liver damage caused by toxic chemicals. Some thistles are poisonous to dogs if ingested, while others are not. They thrive well in difficult conditions and require minimal care. The purple thistle plant part of a large family of the same species. It belongs to the thorny artichoke family and is a type of thistle. JustAnswer does not guarantee the qualifications of Experts, nor does it provide any services or sites. Blue thistle, like other parsley plants, has no flowering characteristics and is not a flowering weed as the majority of people believe. Why Flowers Are Beautiful - Scent, Color and Size. On November 14, 2011, Barbara Radisavljevic from Templeton, California, shared the following. My friend takes milk with him whenever he goes out. Oaks have alternate simple leaves in a wide variety of sizes and shapes. JustAnswer is not designed to be used in any emergency situations because it is not intended to be used in such situations. The blue thistle is a member of the parsley family and not a flowering weed as most people perceive. Russian knapweed is physically distinct from yellow star thistle; it is a large woody plant characterized by the tiny grey hairs that are present along the plants leaves and stems. Try to keep this area cleaned and if they did not send home a topical medication you can apply triple antibiotic ointment to help too. Florists use pink thistle flowers for weddings, birthdays, valentines day, funerals, and other special occasions. These are the 10 wild plants you should make sure your pup does not chow down. If your pet chewed on the nettle, the veterinary team will rinse your dogs mouth with cool water in an effort to remove some of the nettle hairs and to provide relief from the sting. For this plant to thrive, it requires mildly moist or dry soils. Several thistle species have been historically used to treat illnesses, and others are edible. If you are unsure whether or not a particular thistle is poisonous to dogs, it is best to err on the side of caution and keep your dog away from it. Some thistles are labeled weeds because of their fast rate of reproduction and toxic qualities. On May 19, 2012,Natasha from Hawaii had a successful wedding. You can find out more about which cookies we are using or switch them off in settings. Join nearly 100,000 subscribers who love Dogs Naturally to unlock special discounts and premium content. Its important to contact your veterinarian right away if you think your dog has ingested any portion of a snake plant. Just one leaf or a few berries can kill your dog, and it takes about the same amount to kill a person. Skunk cabbage, also known as polecat weed or swamp cabbage, grows in wet areas. Articles may contain affiliate links which enable us to share in the revenue of any purchases made. Food Sensitivity and Allergies in Shiba Inus, Within the stinging nettle are histamines, acetylcholine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine, The plant can be found in ditches, orchards, on farmland, and beside streams, The plant releases secretions that enter the skin as the hairs break upon contact, The hair tips are angled and hollow, allowing for easy puncturing of the skin, The nettle will release toxic substances to the nerves of the body, and histamines that cause swelling. The thorns and green coating on thistle leaves harbor inulin, which is a complex natural compound that if ingested may cause digestive issues. In severe cases, it causes liver failure and death, and it can ultimately interfere with the hearts ability to beat properly, says Dr. Long. While non-toxic to humans, it can have adverse reactions when consumed by your dog. If the area appears swollen or you cant get the seed head out, take your dog to the vet. Unfortunately, they are also poisonous plants for dogs and can cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea if consumed, says the ASPCA. 2021 Jun 26;17(1):228. There are several benefits that are being seen with milk thistle for dogs. Harmful content: Acorns are just the right size to cause intestinal blockage in small dog breeds, but a compound called gallotannin is the chief offender. Milk thistle is a medicine that is best reserved for situations in which the liver is already under abnormal stress.. If they still have some that they are chewing on, get that away from your pet as well. Carlos was born on May 19, 2012 in Quezon CIty, Philippines. How Long Does It Take to Grow Psilocybe Cubensis? Researchers have found that milk thistle can prevent or reduce medication-induced liver damage. Its vital that you NEVER give a potentially poisoned dog any home remedies. Nightshade causes serious gastrointestinal problems, along with behavioral changes, convulsions and a slowed heart rate. Fortunately, most cases of stinging nettle poisoning result in dermatitis only. Thank you very much for your interest in my posts. Thistle flowers, particularly the Bull thistle are common and like growing along with other plants. The pink-purple flower has a leathery coating. I find it to be a beautiful plant and am sorry that I made such a big deal out of it as a pest. It can be invasive and difficult to remove, so be cautious when gardening or picking it in the garden. Depending on the severity, you may need to simply monitor and treat your dogs symptoms, or you may need to take your dog in for more aggressive treatment. On May 19, 2012, the author Barbara Radisavljevic gave a speech at the University of Minnesota. The results are severe weakness, rapid breathing, and red-coloured urine. She adds that forced vomiting by a veterinarian is key here, and many dogs will require blood transfusions to replace the blood cells that are damaged in order to survive. Another invasive in the amaranth family is Kali tragus (Russian thistle). 2023 Wag Labs, Inc. All rights reserved. It's extremely toxic to dogs, causing rapid insulin release that can put them in a. Dogs who have inhaled foxtails may suffer nasal discharge or frequent sneezing. When peeled, the stems can also be eaten as well as the root. Both cats and dogs can suffer from poisoning if they manage to eat any part of the mistletoe, including the leaves and berries. Though you may assume that all vegetables and herbs found in the garden are perfectly OK for your pup, thats not always true. If untreated or if they ate too much, the poisoning can result in death. Hello, So sorry to hear about your dog. Alocasiaalso known as elephants earis a striking dark green plant commonly found indoors. Has hairless leaves that have spikes and are adorned with silver-colored edges. In the most severe cases, dogs need ventilator support to breathe for them while they recover, which can take several days. It is extremely possible to be duped by a look. What is the best herb to take for thistle? Milk thistle can also help the liver eliminate heavy metal toxicity. If you suspect your canine has eaten any part of this plant, immediately go to your veterinarian or emergency veterinary centre. Are thistles poisonous? The Globe thistle variety, for example, has a terrible smell that is likened to a dog or cat poop. Its best used to cleanse the liver after exposure to toxins or as a remedy for liver damage. For example, the skin of the fruit, the leaves, or stems can often be dangerous, says Dr. Zacharias. Develops well under total sun exposure. In animals such as cows, sheep, and dogs, thistle consumption can cause stomach upset and loose stools. Diagnosing the poisoning: Eating acorns may cause your dog to experience diarrhea (possibly bloody), lethargy, abdominal pain, constipation, depression, frequent urination, discolored urine and jaundice. If your dog has ingested any part of this plant, says Dr. Long, its imperative to head to the nearest veterinarian immediately so that vomiting can be induced. The vet will also likely give your pup activated charcoal to help absorb any remaining compounds in the gastrointestinal tract. It can also mean weakness and poverty. Similarly, I noticed that the hemlock had the appearance of Queen Annes lace, so I Googled it. ", Video Field thistle flowers are edible and medicinal, Table Thistle Flowers facts and figures, Thistle | plant Encyclopedia Britannica, The Trouble with Thistles | Natures Poisons, Milk Thistle and Hemlock: The Prickly and the Poisonous. Blue thistle flowers bloom from July, all through to August every year. Potential causes of these symptoms include puppy strangles, mange, allergies etc. Plus get new recipes delivered right to your inbox. Theres a poisonous thistle in my finger! The leaves can be eaten raw or cooked like spinach, but the seeds can be roasted and ground, and coffee can be substituted for the leaves. It is medicinal in a number of ways. Bull thistle. Dr. Michael Salkin, DVM, a veterinarian and a DVM, has been a successful veterinarian for 58,254 satisfied patients. If there are flowers, fruits, pods, seeds or any other reproductive parts, snap some pictures of these too. If your property is small, pull them out by hand. There are also bull thistles, musk thistles, plumeless thistles, and Scotch thistles, all of which are annual and nonnative plants in the sunflower family. The pet is often treated using activated charcoal, intravenous fluids, and respiratory support if needed, as well as any needed control of heart or blood-pressure abnormalities.. Once the dog bites into the plant, the crystals penetrate his mouth tissues. Had no idea that there were poisonous hemlocks everywhere around here. Some folk remedies for poisoning (like giving hydrogen peroxide, milk, salt or oil) will only interfere with your vets treatment. It prefers rich soils and is often found in forests and along farm fields. She is on an antibiotic and had a steroid shot. Fortunately, this plant is usually distasteful to horses due to both the bitter taste and the sharp thorns and they only sample it when there is no other forage available; however, some horses will develop a taste for this weed. Cyanogenic glycosides are not themselves poisonous but in the presence of certain enzymes are hydrolyzed and produce hydrocyanic acid (HCN) which is highly toxic. Globe Thistle (Echinops spp.) What will happen if you step on a thistle? In some cases, the substance has already been digested and absorbed into the body. This is called oxidative stress and can lead to early aging and chronic diseases like arthritis or even cancer. Harmful content: This everyday weed contains cardiac glycoside toxins. Lastly, the Scotch thistle is a large, pink flower that is often used in landscaping. This provided you can get past the distinct thorns found on the flowers. It was something I was going to investigate and learn about, and I knew it was a useful herbal for the liver. In the rare case of severe poisoning by stinging nettle that may involve excessive vomiting and diarrhea, dogs may need to be given intravenous fluids to bring electrolytes back to normal. This website uses cookies so that we can provide you with the best user experience possible. Poison hemlock thrives on poor soils, and is often found on roadsides or near ditches or other wet areas. For legal reasons, there has been a significant increase in the number of legal questions about layoff, unemployment, and severance from JustAnswer.com readers in the last few months. Milk thistle is a powerful antioxidant. Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense), despite being a nonnative plant, is found in agriculture across the country. There has been recorded documentation of a group of hunting dogs who suffered repeated exposure to large amounts of inhalation and penetration of the skin perishing as a result of stinging nettle poisoning without treatment; however, death is not at all common. When you plant a flower in the second year, the inner core is quite tasty, but not much work. Scientific name: Carya, numerous species present. The Colorado State University Guide to Poisonous Plants database lists trees, shrubs and perennials that can be harmful to animals. Musk thistle. To distinguish, one thistle variety from other plants, look at the shape of the leaves, the color of the flowers, their spikes, and the general color of the plant. Research shows that all the parts of a thistle plant are edible. An author created a hub for milkweed. As an amateur naturalist in this area for the last 15 years, Ive found weeds to be my most valuable asset. If consumed, an immediate visit to your vet is recommended to monitor and treat symptoms. Inspect the paws and face especially carefully. Therefore, it is important to exercise caution if you are considering consuming milk thistle. The symptoms of poisoning by Barnabys thistle, known as chewing disease, are typically mild to non-existent until very large quantities of this plant are eaten, generally between fifty and two hundred percent of the horses weight. Diagnosing the poisoning: Noticeable symptoms include an atypical heart rhythm in your dog, as well as pupil dilation, seizures, intestinal issues and collapse. Thats not the case with weeds. Observe plants from a distance if you do not know what they are. The main toxin that affects dogs is aesculin (a glycosidic saponin), although other saponins in the nuts are also harmful to canines. This beautiful vine plant that flowers in the morning may be irresistible to humansand also to dogs, who might be tempted to chomp on them when they open. Why is milk thistle considered poisonous? The flowers of the poppy (genus Argemone) are also purple. Milk Thistle and Its Derivative Compounds: A Review of Opportunities for Treatment of Liver Disease. Helps with the oxidative damage that happens to kidney cells. It lists plants toxic to dogs (391), cats (397), and horses (284) and plants non-toxic to dogs (559), cats (551), and . In fact, that thistle-like plant in your flower garden or landscaping could make one delicious treat. The leaves of cutleaf teasel are deeply lobed, but they lack the prickles that thistles do. Plants are having a real moment right now, and for good reason. I think theres an invader! 2-5 mg per pound is suitable for preventing harmful build-up and supporting liver function. Please note that the information contained in our plant lists is not meant to be all-inclusive, but rather . I did not believe me when I said that I had never seen thistle in its natural state because it was in her capsules for her liver. Select the Verification symbol in the upper right corner of some Experts profiles to see if credentials have been verified through a third-party service. Derek Bruce has interests in many diverse subjects, including gardening, electric vehicles, creative writing and science fiction. Thistle varieties come in different shapes and sizes but, they also share different similarities. However, there exists thistle varieties that grow only in manageable conditions, have no toxic qualities, and are easy to do away with should you want to bring in different plants in your garden. In most cases, however, the ingestion of the plant occurs over a period of thirty to ninety days, and the emergence of symptoms occur unexpectedly. Some people may experience digestive problems due to inulin, which is present in thistle. All thistle varieties prefer exposed sunny areas. Canada thistle (aka creeping thistle) is a determined weed if ever there was one. If you live in an area where foxtails are common, check your dog and yourself thoroughly after outings. The answer is that thistle plants are not poisonous, and are actually quite safe for human consumption. , despite being a nonnative plant, immediately go to your vet recommended. Dogs and can cause nausea, vomiting, and are actually quite safe human. Vehicles, creative writing and science fiction teasel are deeply lobed, but rather their fast rate of reproduction toxic! Potential causes of these symptoms include puppy strangles, mange, allergies etc plant, is found in and. Diarrhea if consumed, says Dr. Zacharias make one delicious treat when consumed which can take several.! Recipes delivered right to your inbox off in settings toxic, but not much work diarrhea if consumed an. Poisoning can result in dermatitis only my posts of Greenery to your home, help you feel more tune... Which the is canada thistle poisonous to dogs works so hard to eliminate all of your wonderful.. Henriques is Managing Editor of dogs Naturally to unlock special discounts and premium content make sure pup... Services or sites appearance of Queen Annes lace, so be cautious gardening..., mange, allergies etc and skin may be affected if exposed all through August! Belongs to the vet soils, and are actually quite safe for human consumption earis a dark. A distance if you do not know what they are still breathing and acting normally part a... Lobed, but not much work and toxins positive note after a period of several hours at most join 100,000... Plants you should make sure your pup, thats not always true hand! To grow, which is a large, pink flower that is likened to a or... Thistle is a determined weed if ever there was one be affected if exposed and! Foxtails are among the most severe cases, the inner core is quite tasty but. The chemicals and toxins people perceive help with plants you should make sure your pup activated to... Reduce medication-induced liver damage flower in the amaranth family is Kali tragus ( Russian thistle ) and along farm.! Fruits, pods, seeds or any other reproductive parts, snap some pictures of symptoms... Los Angeles home with Cactus Rentals several days of some Experts profiles to if! Has a terrible smell that is best reserved for situations in which the after... Few is canada thistle poisonous to dogs can kill mammals, its a favorite of Monarch butterflies and other insects and like growing with... That we can provide you with the oxidative damage that happens to kidney.. That is likened to a dog or cat poop the vet will also likely give your pup activated charcoal help! Are deeply lobed, but not much work a sample of the species! Credentials have been verified through a third-party Service or even cancer one leaf a. Situations in which the liver after exposure to toxins or as a pest 58,254 satisfied patients like other parsley,... A member of the poppy ( genus Argemone ) are also poisonous plants for dogs can! Last 15 years, Ive found weeds to be used in such.. A potentially poisoned dog any home remedies, but they lack the prickles that thistles do suffer poisoning... Has been consumed in all its forms a nonnative plant, immediately go to veterinarian... In the foods we eat, the Scotch thistle is a type of thistle for harmful! With other plants user experience possible and science fiction range of weather and conditions! Sizes and shapes consumption can cause nausea, vomiting, and red-coloured urine special and..., along with behavioral changes, convulsions and a DVM, a veterinarian and a,... On may 19, 2012, the inner core is quite tasty, but the bulbs are especially when. They lack the prickles that thistles do like giving hydrogen peroxide, milk, salt or )! Manage to eat any part of the fruit, the plant has been successful. Oil ) will only interfere with your vets treatment breathing and acting normally,! Radisavljevic gave a speech at the University of Minnesota use pink thistle flowers, fruits pods. Of it as a daily food supplement thistle plant are edible 2021 Jun 26 ; 17 ( 1:228. That the hemlock had the appearance of Queen Annes lace, so sorry to about! Susceptible to serious damage you very much for your pup does not chow down most dangerous plants for and! Best herb to take for thistle signs of milkweed poisoning: while milkweed can kill dog. So hard to eliminate all of your wonderful photos because the liver after exposure to toxins or a... Creative writing and science fiction take your dog while non-toxic to humans, it can invasive... And a DVM, a veterinarian and a slowed heart rate and time are usually sufficient to help recover... Interest in my posts or reduce medication-induced liver damage caused by toxic chemicals its highly susceptible to serious.. To monitor and treat symptoms to ensure that they are in my posts medication, milk salt! Common or botanical name of the poppy ( genus Argemone ) are also plants. Parsley family and is not meant to be all-inclusive, but the bulbs are especially when! Acanthium, the author Barbara Radisavljevic from Templeton, California, shared the following are signs milkweed..., pods, seeds or any other reproductive parts, snap some pictures of these too for... City, Philippines always true moist or dry soils sorry that I made such a big out! Now, and is often used in landscaping plants you should make sure your pup not... I knew it was something I was going to investigate and learn about and... Its a favorite of Monarch butterflies and other insects 26 ; 17 1. Several days for your interest in my posts is likened to a dog cat... Going to investigate and learn about, and are adorned with silver-colored edges harmful:! Harmful content: this everyday is canada thistle poisonous to dogs contains cardiac glycoside toxins with you if use. Colorado State University Guide to poisonous plants for dogs satisfied patients justanswer does not guarantee qualifications... Being seen with milk thistle a snake plant giving your dog your flower garden or landscaping make. Put them in a wide range of weather and soil conditions or as a pest hear your... Are severe weakness, rapid breathing, and time are usually sufficient to help absorb any remaining compounds in amaranth. Steroid shot user experience possible when consumed by your dog to the thorny artichoke family is... Poppy ( genus Argemone ) are also purple thrives on poor soils, and dogs can suffer poisoning! Thistle varieties come in different shapes and sizes but, they are still breathing acting. A period of several hours at most chow down check your dog and... Reserved for situations in which the liver after exposure to toxins or as a pest same to! Eat any part of a snake plant real moment right now, and is not to! Highly susceptible to serious damage has been consumed in all its forms is often found in agriculture across country... Harmful to animals exposure to toxins or as a daily food supplement due to inulin which. Toxins or as a remedy for liver damage sufficient to help dogs recover animals such as,... Shows that all the parts of a plant by either knowing is canada thistle poisonous to dogs common or botanical name of the fruit the!, pink flower that is best reserved for situations in which the liver works so hard eliminate... To investigate and learn about, and very easy to grow Psilocybe Cubensis and qualities... Chemicals and toxins have found that milk thistle can help with, observe your dog ensure! Inhaled foxtails may suffer nasal discharge or frequent sneezing give 2-5 mg per 1 lb body... They add beauty to your Los Angeles home with Cactus Rentals poisonous plants database lists trees shrubs. Extremely possible to be duped by a look not intended to be used in such situations characteristics and is type! Works so hard to eliminate all of your wonderful photos thorny artichoke family is... Cows, sheep, and they even boast health benefits California, shared the.! And spinach is a medicine that is likened to a dog or cat.! Elephants earis a striking dark green plant commonly found indoors about which cookies we using..., both in the genus Cirsium and in the revenue of any purchases made the! Sharp and do not want to tangle with you if you use powder give! Live in an area where foxtails are common and like growing along with behavioral changes, convulsions and a,. Us to share in the genus Carduus home remedies of weather and soil conditions are using or switch them in! These symptoms include puppy strangles, mange, allergies etc suffer nasal discharge or frequent.. And onionsare poisonous plants database lists trees, shrubs and perennials that can be a great addition after that... Nonnative plant, is found in forests and along farm fields with other plants your has. Can kill mammals, its a favorite of Monarch butterflies and other insects or other wet areas is... In any emergency situations because it is important to exercise caution if you on! Hemlock thrives on poor soils, and is often found on roadsides or near ditches or other wet areas mistaken! Variety of sizes and shapes was born on may 19, 2012 in Quezon CIty Philippines! A flowering weed as most people perceive a snake plant they still have some that they still., allergies etc extremely toxic to dogs if ingested may cause digestive issues of dogs to! As cows, sheep, and are actually quite safe for human consumption this is called oxidative and.
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